Aerosols

ABSTRACT

Cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparations comprising (a) a carbonate of the formula (I): 
                         
wherein R 1  is a linear alkyl and/or alkenyl group having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, a 2-ethylhexyl, isotridecyl or isostearyl group or a group derived from a polyol having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups; R 2  has the same meaning as R 1  or is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and each of n and m independently has a value of from 0 to 100; and (b) a propellant can be used as aerosols.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to deodorizing preparations containing dialkylcarbonates and propellents and to their use as aerosols.

PRIOR ART

Aerosols or sprays are distinguished not only by their easy handling,convenient “dosability” and hygienic use, but also by the uniformeffectiveness of their contents sealed off from the outside atmosphere.For this reason, aerosols have become so widespread in a few years as anapplication for cosmetics, household and industrial products that theyare hardly any groups of active substances which cannot be applied assprays (Aerosol Spray Report 36, NO. 3, 10 et seq. (1997), Aerosol SprayReport 36, No. 9, 80 et seq. (1997), Aerosol Spray Report 36, No. 6, 34et seq. (1997), general: Kirk-Othmer (4) 1, 670-685; 22, 670-691,Ullmann (4) 2, 254-259; 7, 114-118; (5) A 12, 581-583 I, see alsoAerosols.—for journals and organizations, see Aerosols). Only a few oilcomponents, such as isopropyl myristate and cyclomethicone for example,can be incorporated in hitherto known aerosol formulations.

Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was toprovide new oil components which could be mixed with known propellents,preferably butane and/or propane and derivatives thereof, and thus usedas aerosols. In addition, such aerosol mixtures would also allow theincorporation of active substances, such as for example perfume,vitamins, deodorants, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to cosmetic and/or pharmaceuticalpreparations containing

-   (a) dialkyl carbonates corresponding to formula (I):

-    in which R¹ is a linear alkyl and/or alkenyl group containing 6 to    22 carbon atoms, a 2-ethylhexyl, isotridecyl or isostearyl group or    a group derived from a polyol containing 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at    least two hydroxyl groups, R² has the same meaning as R¹ or is an    alkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms and n and m independently    of one another stand for 0 or numbers of 1 to 100, and-   (b) propellents.

It has surprisingly been found that aerosol preparations which allow theincorporation of dialkyl carbonates and complete mixing with knownpropellents can be produced. According to the invention, therefore,aerosols in which the molar ratio of propellent to dialkyl carbonate is1:1 can also be obtained. In addition, perfume oils, UV filters,deodorants and other additives, which may be added according to theapplication envisaged, can be dissolved or solubilized particularly welland homogeneously in aerosols containing dialkyl carbonates. Anotheradvantageous effect is that aerosols containing dialkyl carbonates, moreespecially dioctyl and dihexyl carbonates, have a particularly dryfeeling on the skin.

Aerosols

Aerosols or sprays are known to be spraying devices with a filling ofliquid, paste-like or powder-form substances which are under thepressure of a propellent or a propellant gas. The containers areequipped with valves differing widely in design which enable thecontents to be removed as a mist, smoke, foam, powder, paste or liquidjet. The active substance solution, which in the present case containsthe dialkyl carbonate(s) and optionally other active principles, i.e.the product to be sprayed, is mixed with liquid propellent. Above thismixture stands gaseous propellent which applies a uniform pressure toall sides, including the surface of the liquid activesubstance/propellent mixture. When pressure is applied to the button,the valve opens. The active substance/propellent mixture is forcedupwards through the riser by the propellant gas and leaves the canthrough the valve. The propellent mixed with the active substancesolution evaporates immediately and the active substance solution isconverted into a very fine mist (atomization) or forms a fine-cell foam.Information on the technology of spray production etc. can be found inthe relevant prior art literature. The particle size—one of the mostimportant parameters for sprays—is determined with the aid of speciallydeveloped instruments or by holography, light scattering, radioactivemarking, etc. The production, testing and storage of spray cans aresubject to certain rules and regulations (Technical Rules ForPressurized Gases and Pressurized Containers).

The pressurized gas containers used are, above all, cylindricalcontainers of metal (aluminium, tin plate <1,000 ml), protected orshatterproof glass or plastic (<220 ml) or shattering glass or plastic(<150 ml), selection parameters including compressive strength andfracture resistance, corrosion resistance, easy fillability, optionallysterilizability, etc. and also aesthetic aspects, handiness,printability, etc. (cf. Römpp Lexikon Chemie—Version 2.0, Stuttgart/NewYork; Georg Thieme Verlag 1999).

Dialkyl Carbonates

Dialkyl carbonates which form component (a) are basically knowncompounds even through some of the claimed compounds are being describedfor the first time in the present specification. Basically, they may beprepared by transesterification of dimethyl or diethyl carbonate withthe hydroxy compounds mentioned using known methods. A review of thesemethods can be found, for example, in Chem. Rev. 96, 951 (1996). Dialkylcarbonates corresponding to formula (I) which are particularly suitablefor solving the stated problem satisfy one of the followingrequirements:

-   (A) R¹ is a linear alkyl group containing 6 to 18, preferably 6 to    16 and more particularly 8 to 10 carbon atoms or a 2-ethylhexyl    group and R² has the same meaning as R¹ or represents methyl;-   (B) R¹ is a linear alkyl group containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R²    has the same meaning as R¹ or represents methyl and n and m stand    for numbers of 1 to 10;-   (C) R¹ is a residue of a polyol selected from the group consisting    of glycerol, alkylene glycols, technical oligoglycerol mixtures,    methylol compounds, lower alkyl glucosides, sugar alcohols, sugars    and aminosugars and R² has the same meaning as R¹ or represents a    linear or branched alkyl group containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms or    methyl.

Typical examples of dialkyl carbonates belonging to the two groups (A)and (B) are complete or partial transesterification products of dimethyland/or diethyl carbonate with caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol,2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecylalcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearylalcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol,petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearylalcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucylalcohol and brassidyl alcohol and the technical mixtures thereof formed,for example, in the high-pressure hydrogenation of technical methylesters based on fats and oils or aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesisand as monomer fraction in the dimerization of unsaturated fattyalcohols. The transesterification products of the lower carbonates withthe alcohols mentioned in the form of their adducts with 1 to 100,preferably 2 to 50 and more preferably 5 to 20 mol ethylene oxide arealso suitable. Di-n-octyl carbonates are preferred. Dioctyl or dihexylcarbonates are preferably used.

The carbonates of group (C) are being described for the first time inthe present specification. They are compounds which are obtained bycomplete or partial transesterification of dimethyl and/or diethylcarbonate with polyols. Polyols suitable for the purposes of theinvention preferably contain 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least twohydroxyl groups. Typical examples are

-   -   glycerol;    -   alkylene glycols such as, for example, ethylene glycol,        diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene        glycol and also polyethylene glycols with an average molecular        weight of 100 to 1,000 dalton;    -   technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of        self-condensation of 1.5 to 10, for example technical diglycerol        mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by weight;    -   methylol compounds such as, in particular, trimethylol ethane,        trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, pentaerythritol and        dipentaerythritol;    -   lower alkyl glucosides, more particularly those containing 1 to        8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, for example methyl and butyl        glucoside;    -   sugar alcohols containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms such as, for        example, sorbitol or mannitol;    -   sugars containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms such as, for example,        glucose or sucrose and    -   aminosugars such as, for example, glucamine.

This reaction can of course not only result in replacement of a methylor ethyl group by a polyol residue, it also gives a mixture in whichseveral hydroxy groups or even all the hydroxyl groups of the polyol areattached to carbonate groups so that an oligomeric or polymeric netstructure may even be obtained. In the context of the invention,compounds of this type are also meant to fall within the scope ofgeneral formula (I).

The preparations according to the invention may contain the dialkylcarbonates, preferably dioctyl and/or dihexyl carbonate and moreespecially di-n-octyl carbonate, in quantities of 1 to 50, preferably 3to 25 and more particularly 5 to 15% by weight, based on the finalcomposition.

Propellents

Suitable propellents are any propellents known to the expert whichrepresent liquefied or compressed gases such as, for example, dimethylether, carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), nitrogen oxides andpentane, butane and propane and/or isomers thereof. Here, too, thechoice is governed by the product to be sprayed or the applicationenvisaged. Where compressed gases, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide ordinitrogen oxide which are generally insoluble in the liquid contents ofthe spray are used, the operating pressure falls each time the value isactuated. Propellents such as these are suitable above all forwater-based products and for products which do not require particularlyfine atomization, for example toothpastes, hand creams, sun protectionproducts, fruit juice concentrates and concentrated seasonings, whippedcream (where only N₂O optionally in combination with CO₂ is allowed),pharmaceutical sprays (where N₂O is unsuitable because of theanaesthetization risk), spray cleaners, lubricants and polishes.Liquefied gases soluble in the active substance itself or even acting asolvent themselves offer the advantage as propellents of a uniformoperating pressure and uniform distribution, because the propellentevaporates instantaneously in air and in doing so occupies severalhundred times the volume so that the (solid or liquid) active substanceis dispersed much more finely. A cooling effect often undesirable forcosmetic sprays where liquefied gases are used can be partly obviated bychoosing suitable mixing ratios.

The CFCs particularly suitable as propellents have now very largely beenreplaced since their harmful effect on the ozone layer was discovered.Accordingly, mixtures of propane and butane, occasionally with dimethylether, are preferably used (Römpp Lexikon Chemie—Version 2.0,Stuttgart/New York; Georg Thieme Verlag 1999).

The preparations according to the invention may contain the propellentsin quantities of 3 to 95, preferably 5 to 75, more preferably 20 to 65and most preferably 30 to 50% by weight, based on the final composition.

Commercial Applications

The present invention also relates to the use of the preparationsaccording to the invention as aerosols, more especially cosmeticaerosols. However, the preparations according to the invention aresuitable for any applications known to the expert for aerosols,preferably in the home (for example for cleaning, etc.), but also in theinstitutional and industrial sectors.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions may containcomponents (a) and (b) preferably in the following quantities, based onthe final composition:

-   (a) 1 to 50, preferably 3 to 25 and more particularly 5 to 15% by    weight dialkyl carbonates,-   (b) 3 to 95, preferably 5 to 75, more preferably 20 to 65 and most    preferably 30 to 50% by weight propellent and optionally-   (c) 0 to 30, preferably 1 to 20 and more particularly 4 to 12% by    weight,    with the proviso that the quantities shown add up to 100% by weight    with water and are based on the final composition.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the molar ratio of dialkylcarbonate to propellent is 1:5 to 1:1 and more particularly 1:3 to1:1.5. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, otherauxiliaries and additives (see below) may also be used, including forexample polymers, silicone compounds, lecithins, phospholipids, biogenicagents, UV protection factors, antioxidants, deodorants,antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, film formers, insect repellents,self-tanning agents, tyrosine inhibitors, hydrotropes, solubilizers,preservatives, perfume oils and dyes and the like, preferably UVprotection factors, self-tanning agents, deodorants, antidandruffagents, biogenic agents, insect repellents, dyes and perfume oils. In apreferred embodiment of the invention, the molar ratio of dialkylcarbonate to the above-mentioned additives is 10:1 to 1:10, preferably5:1 to 1:5 and more particularly 3:1 to 1:3. Corresponding mixtures showgood miscibility with the propellents according to the invention.

Auxiliaries and Additives

These preparations may also contain mild surfactants, oil components,emulsifiers, consistency factors, thickeners, superfatting agents,stabilizers, polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, lecithins,phospholipids, biogenic agents, UV protection factors, antioxidants,deodorants, antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, film formers, swellingagents, insect repellents, self-tanning agents, tyrosine inhibitors(depigmenting agents), hydrotropes, solubilizers, preservatives, perfumeoils, dyes and the like as further auxiliaries and additives.

Surfactants

Suitable surfactants are anionic, nonionic, cationic and/or amphotericor zwitterionic surfactants. Typical examples of anionic surfactants aresoaps, alkyl benzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates,alkylether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methyl estersulfonates, sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ethersulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, fatty acid ether sulfates, hydroxymixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide(ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkylsulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylicacids and salts thereof, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acidsarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acylamino acids such as, forexample, acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates and acylaspartates, alkyl oligoglucoside sulfates, protein fatty acidcondensates (particularly wheat-based vegetable products) andalkyl(ether) phosphates. If the anionic surfactants contain polyglycolether chains, they may have a conventional homolog distribution althoughthey preferably have a narrow-range homolog distribution. Typicalexamples of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers,alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acidamide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylatedtriglycerides, mixed ethers and mixed formals, optionally partlyoxidized alk(en)yl oligoglycosides or glucuronic acid derivatives, fattyacid-N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolyzates (particularly wheat-basedvegetable products), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitanesters, polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactantscontain polyglycol ether chains, they may have a conventional homologdistribution, although they preferably have a narrow-range homologdistribution. Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternaryammonium compounds, for example dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride,and esterquats, more particularly quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamineester salts. Typical examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactantsare alkylbetaines, alkylamidobetaines, aminopropionates,aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines. Thesurfactants mentioned are all known compounds. Information on theirstructure and production can be found in relevant synoptic works, cf.for example J. Falbe (ed.), “Surfactants in Consumer Products”, SpringerVerlag, Berlin, 1987, pages 54 to 124 or J. Falbe (ed.), “Katalysatoren,Tenside und Mineralöladditive (Catalysts, Surfactants and Mineral OilAdditives)”, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, pages 123-217. Typicalexamples of particularly suitable mild, i.e. particularlydermatologically compatible, surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycolether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and/or dialkylsulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fattyacid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, α-olefin sulfonates, ethercarboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglucosides, fatty acid glucamides,alkylamidobetaines, amphoacetals and/or protein fatty acid condensates,preferably based on wheat proteins.

Oil Components

Suitable other oil components are, for example, Guarbet alcohols basedon fatty alcohols containing 6 to 18 and preferably 8 to 10 carbonatoms, esters of linear C₆₋₂₂ fatty acids with linear or branched C₆₋₂₂fatty alcohols or esters of branched C₆₋₁₃ carboxylic acids with linearor branched C₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohols such as, for example, myristylmyristate, myristyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, myristyl isostearate,myristyl oleate, myristyl behenate, myristyl erucate, cetyl myristate,cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, cetyl isostearate. cetyl oleate, cetylbehenate, cetyl erucate, stearyl myristate, stearyl palmitate, stearylstearate, stearyl isostearate, stearyl oleate, stearyl behenate, stearylerucate, isostearyl myristate, isostearyl palmitate, isostearylstearate, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl oleate, isostearylbehenate, isostearyl oleate, oleyl myristate, oleyl palmitate, oleylstearate, oleyl isostearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl behenate, oleylerucate, behenyl myristate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl stearate, behenylisostearate, behenyl oleate, behenyl behenate, behenyl erucate, erucylmyristate, erucyl palmitate, erucyl stearate, erucyl isostearate, erucyloleate, erucyl bahenate and erucyl erucate. Also suitable are esters oflinear C₆₋₂₂ fatty acids with branched alcohols, more particularly2-ethyl hexanol, esters of C₁₈₋₃₈ alkyihydroxycarboxylic acids withlinear or branched C₆₋₂₂ fatty alcohols (cf. DE 19756377 A1), moreespecially Dioctyl Malate, esters of linear and/or branched fatty acidswith polyhydric alcohols (for example propylene glycol, dimer diol ortrimer triol) and/or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C₆₋₁₀fatty acids, liquid mono-, di- and triglyceride mixtures based on C₆₋₁₈fatty acids (cf. WO97/29170), esters of C₈₋₂₂ fatty alcohols and/orGuerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, more particularlybenzoic acid, esters of C₂₋₁₂ dicarboxylic acids with linear or branchedalcohols containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms or polyols containing 2 to 10carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroryl groups, vegetable oils, branchedprimary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, Guerbet carbonates, estersof benzoic acid with linear and/or branched C₅₋₂₂ alcohols (for exampleFinsolv® TN), linear or branched, symmetrical or nonsymmetrical dialkylethers containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms per alkyl group, such asDicaprylyl Ether (Cetiol® OE), ring opening products of epoxidized fattyacid esters with polyols, silicone oils (cyclomethicone, siliconmethicone types, etc.) and/or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons, forexample squalane. squalene or dialkyl cyclohexanes.

Emulsifiers

Suitable emulsifiers are, for example, nonionic surfactants from atleast one of the following groups:

-   -   products of the addition of 2 to 30 mol ethylene oxide and/or 0        to 5 mol propylene oxide onto linear C₈₋₂₂ fatty alcohols,        C₁₂₋₂₂ fatty acids, alkyl phenols containing 8 to 15 carbon        atoms in the alkyl group and alkylamines containing 8 to 22        carbon atoms in the alkyl group;    -   alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides containing 8 to 22 carbon        atoms in the alk(en)yl group and ethoxylated analogs thereof;    -   addition products of 1 to 15 mol ethylene oxide onto castor oil        and/or hydrogenated castor oil;    -   addition products of 15 to 60 mol ethylene oxide onto castor oil        and/or hydrogenated castor oil;    -   partial esters of glycerol and/or sorbitan with unsaturated,        linear or saturated, branched fatty acids containing 12 to 22        carbon atoms and/or hydroxycarboxylic acids containing 3 to 18        carbon atoms and adducts thereof with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene        oxide;    -   partial esters of polyglycerol (average degree of        self-condensation 2 to 8), polyethylene glycol (molecular weight        400 to 5,000), trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sugar        alcohols (for example sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (for example        methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside) and        polyglucosides (for example cellulose) with saturated and/or        unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids containing 12 to 22        carbon atoms and/or hydroxycarboxylic acids containing 3 to 18        carbon atoms and adducts thereof with 1 to 30 mol ethylene        oxide;    -   mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and        fatty alcohol according to DE 1165574 PS and/or mixed esters of        fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, methyl glucose and        polyols, preferably glycerol or polyglycerol,    -   mono-, di- and trialkyl phosphates and mono-, di- and/or        tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates and salts thereof,    -   wool wax alcohols,    -   polysiloxane/polyalkyl/polyether copolymers and corresponding        derivatives,    -   block copolymers, for example Polyethyleneglycol-30        Dipolyhydroxystearate;    -   polymer emulsifiers, for example Pemulen types (TR-1, TR-2) of        Goodrich;    -   polyalkylene glycols and    -   glycerol carbonate.

The addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide ontofatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols or onto castor oil are knowncommercially available products. They are homolog mixtures of which theaverage degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio between thequantities of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and substrate withwhich the addition reaction is carried out. C_(12/18) fatty acidmonoesters and diesters of adducts of ethylene oxide onto glycerol areknown as refatting agents for cosmetic formulations from DE 2024051 PS.

Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides, their production and their use areknown from the prior art. They are produced in particular by reactingglucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols containing 8 to 18carbon atoms. So far as the glycoside unit is concerned, bothmonoglycosides in which a cyclic sugar unit is attached to the fattyalcohol by a glycoside bond and oligomeric glycosides with a degree ofoligomerization of preferably up to about 8 are suitable. The degree ofoligomerization is a statistical mean value on which the homologdistribution typical of such technical products is based.

Typical examples of suitable partial glycerides are hydroxystearic acidmonoglyceride, hydroxystearic acid diglyceride, isostearic acidmonoglyceride, isostearic acid diglyceride, oleic acid monoglyceride,oleic acid diglyceride, ricinoleic acid monoglyceride, ricinoleic aciddiglyceride, linoleic acid monoglyceride, linoleic acid diglyceride,linolenic acid monoglyceride, linolenic acid diglyceride, erucic acidmonoglyceride, erucic acid diglyceride, tartaric acid monoglyceride,tartaric acid diglyceride, citric acid monoglyceride, citric aciddiglyceride, malic acid monoglyceride, malic acid diglyceride andtechnical mixtures thereof which may still contain small quantities oftriglyceride from the production process. Addition products of 1 to 30and preferably 5 to 10 mol ethylene oxide onto the partial glyceridesmentioned are also suitable.

Suitable sorbitan esters are sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitansesquiisostearate, sorbitan diisostearate, sorbitan triisostearate,sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitantrioleate, sorbitan monoerucate, sorbitan sesquierucate, sorbitandierucate, sorbitan trierucate, sorbitan monoricinoleate, sorbitansesquiricinoleate, sorbitan diricinoleate, sorbitan triricinoleate,sorbitan monohydroxystearate, sorbitan sesquihydroxystearate, sorbitandihydroxystearate, sorbitan trihydroxystearate, sorbitan monotartrate,sorbitan sesquitartrate, sorbitan ditartrate, sorbitan tritartrate,sorbitan monocitrate, sorbitan sesquicitrate, sorbitan dicitrate,sorbitan tricitrate, sorbitan monomaleate, sorbitan sesquimaleate,sorbitan dimaleate, sorbitan trimaleate and technical mixtures thereof.Addition products of 1 to 30 and preferably 5 to 10 mol ethylene oxideonto the sorbitan esters mentioned are also suitable.

Typical examples of suitable polyglycerol esters are Polyglyceryl-2Dipolyhydroxystearate (Dehymuls® PGPH), Polyglycerin-3-Diisostearate(Lameform® TGI), Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate (Isolan® GI 34),Polyglyceryl-3 Oleate, Diisostearoyl Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate(Isolan® PDI), Polyglyceryl-3 Methylglucose Distearate (Tego Care® 450),Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax (Cera Bellina®), Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate(Polyglycerol Caprate T2010/90), Polyglyceryl-3 Cetyl Ether (Chimexane®NL), Polyglyceryl-3 Distearate (Cremophor® GS 32) and PolyglycerylPolyricinoleate (Admul® WOL 1403), Polyglyceryl Dimerate Isostearate andmixtures thereof. Examples of other suitable polyolesters are the mono-,di- and triesters of trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol with lauricacid, coconuffatty acid, tallow fatty acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid,oleic acid, behenic acid and the like optionally reacted with 1 to 30mol ethylene oxide.

Other suitable emulsifiers are zwitterionic surfactants. Zwitterionicsurfactants are surface-active compounds which contain at least onequaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulfonategroup in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactantsare the so-called betaines, such as the N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl ammoniumglycinates, for example cocoalkyl dimethyl ammonium glycinate,N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, for examplecocoacylaminopropyl dimethyl ammonium glycinate, and2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethyl imidazolines containing 8 to 18carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethyl carboxymethyl glycinate. The fatty acid amide derivativeknown under the CTFA name of Cocamidopropyl Betaine is particularlypreferred. Ampholytic surfactants are also suitable emulsifiers.Ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds which, in additionto a C_(8/18) alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino groupand at least one —COOH— or —SO₃H— group in the molecule and which arecapable of forming inner salts. Examples of suitable ampholyticsurfactants are N-alkyl glycines, N-alkyl propionic acids,N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids,N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropyl glycines, N-alkyl taurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acidscontaining around 8 to 18 carbon atoms in, the alkyl group. Particularlypreferred ampholytic surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate,cocoacylaminoethyl aminopropionate and C_(12/18) acyl sarcosine.Finally, cationic surfactants are also suitable emulsifiers, those ofthe esterquat type, preferably methyl-quaternized difatty acidtriethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.

Fats and Waxes

Typical examples of fats are glycerides, i.e. solid or liquid, vegetableor animal products which consist essentially of mixed glycerol esters ofhigher fatty acids. Suitable waxes are inter alia natural waxes such as,for example, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japan wax, espartograss wax,cork wax, guaruma wax, rice oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax,montan wax, beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax),uropygial fat, ceresine, ozocerite (earth wax), petrolatum, paraffinwaxes and microwaxes; chemically modified waxes (hard waxes) such as,for example, montan ester waxes, sasol waxes, hydrogenated jojoba waxesand synthetic waxes such as, for example, polyalkylene waxes andpolyethylene glycol waxes. Besides the fats, other suitable additivesare fat-like substances, such as lecithins and phospholipids. Lecithinsare known among experts as glycerophospholipids which are formed fromfatty acids, glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline by esterification.Accordingly, lecithins are also frequently referred to by experts asphosphatidyl cholines (PCs) and correspond to the following generalformula:

where R typically represents linear aliphatic hydrocarbon radicalscontaining 15 to 17 carbon atoms and up to 4 cis-double bonds. Examplesof natural lecithins are the kephalins which are also known asphosphatidic acids and which are derivatives of1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoric acids. By contrast, phospholipidsare generally understood to be mono- and preferably diesters ofphosphoric acid with glycerol (glycero-phosphates) which are normallyclassed as fats. Sphingosines and sphingolipids are also suitable.Consistency Factors and Thickeners

The consistency factors mainly used are fatty alcohols or hydroxyfattyalcohols containing 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms andalso partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxyfatty acids. Acombination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides and/or fattyacid N-methyl glucamides of the same chain length and/or polyglycerolpoly-12-hydroxystearates is preferably used. Suitable thickeners are,for example, Aerosil® types (hydrophilic silicas), polysaccharides, moreespecially xanthan gum, guar-guar, agar-agar, alginates and tyloses,carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, also relatively highmolecular weight polyethylene glycol monoesters and diesters of fattyacids, polyacrylates (for example Carbopols® and Pemulen types[Goodrich]; Synthalens® [Sigma]; Keltrol types [Kelco]; Sepigel types[Seppic]; Salcare types [Allied Colloids]), polyacrylamides, polymers,polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, surfactants such as, forexample, ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids withpolyols, for example pentaerythritol or trimethylol propane,narrow-range fatty alcohol ethoxylates or alkyl oligoglucosides andelectrolytes, such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.

Superfatting Agents

Superfatting agents may be selected from such substances as, forexample, lanolin and lecithin and also polyethoxylated or acylatedlanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters,monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides, the fatty acidalkanolamides also serving as foam stabilizers.

Stabilizers

Metal salts of fatty acids such as, for example, magnesium, aluminiumand/or zinc stearate or ricinoleate may be used as stabilizers.

Polymers

Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulosederivatives such as, for example, the quaternized hydroxyethyl celluloseobtainable from Amerchol under the name of Polymer JR 400®, cationicstarch, copolymers of diallyl ammonium salts and acrylamides,quaternized vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl imidazole polymers such as, forexample, Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols andamines, quaternized collagen polypeptides such as, for example,Lauryldimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Collagen (Lamequat® L, Grünau),quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic siliconepolymers such as, for example, amodimethicone, copolymers of adipic acidand dimethylaminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine (Cartaretine®,Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyl diallyl ammoniumchloride (Merquat® 550, Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides as described,for example, in FR 2252840 A and crosslinked water-soluble polymersthereof, cationic chitin derivatives such as, for example, quaternizedchitosan, optionally in microcrystalline distribution, condensationproducts of dihaloalkyls, for example dibromobutane, withbis-dialkylamines, for example bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationicguar gum such as, for example, Jaguar®CBS, Jaguar®C-17, Jaguar®C-16 ofCelanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers such as, for example,Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 of Miranol.

Suitable anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic polymers are,for example, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate/butylmaleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl vinylether/maleicanhydride copolymers and esters thereof, uncrosslinked andpolyol-crosslinked polyacrylic acids, acrylamido-propyltrimethylammonium chloride/acrylate copolymers, octylacrylamide/methylmethacrylate/tert.-butylaminoethyl methacrylate/2-hydroxypropylmethacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl pyrrolidone/vinylacetate copolymers, vinyl pyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate/vinyl caprolactam terpolymers and optionally derivatizedcellulose ethers and silicones. Other suitable polymers and thickenerscan be found in Cosmetics & Toiletries, Vol. 108, May 1993, pages 95 etseq.

Silicone Compounds

Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethyl polysiloxanes,methylphenyl polysiloxanes, cyclic silicones and amino-, fatty acid-,alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluorine-, glycoside- and/oralkyl-modified silicone compounds which may be both liquid andresin-like at room temperature. Other suitable silicone compounds aresimethicones which are mixtures of dimethicones with an average chainlength of 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated silicates.A detailed overview of suitable volatile silicones can be found in Toddet al. in Cosm. Toil. 91, 27 (1976).

UV Protection Factors and Antioxidants

UV protection factors in the context of the invention are, for example,organic substances (light filters) which are liquid or crystalline atroom temperature and which are capable of absorbing ultravioletradiation and of releasing the energy absorbed in the form oflonger-wave radiation, for example heat. UV-B filters can be oil-solubleor water-soluble. The following are examples of oil-soluble substances:

-   -   3-benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcamphor and        derivatives thereof, for example 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor        as described in EP 0693471 B1;    -   4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably        4-(dimethylamino)-benzoic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester,        4-(dimethylamino)-benzoic acid-2-octyl ester and        4-(dimethylamino)-benzoic acid amyl ester;    -   esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamic        acid-2-ethylhexyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl ester,        4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester, 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic        acid-2-ethylhexyl ester (Octocrylene);    -   esters of salicylic acid, preferably salicylic acid-2-ethylhexyl        ester, salicylic acid-4-isopropylbenzyl ester, salicylic acid        homomenthyl ester;    -   derivatives of benzophenone, preferably        2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone,        2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-methylbenzophenone,        2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;    -   esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably 4-methoxybenzalmalonic        acid di-2-ethylhexyl ester;    -   triazine derivatives such as, for example,        2,4,6-trianilino-(p-carbo-2′-ethyl-1′-hexyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine        and Octyl Triazone as described in EP 0818450 A1 or Dioctyl        Butamido Triazone (Uvasorb® HEB);    -   propane-1,3-diones such as, for example,        1-(4-tert.butylphenyl)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione;    -   ketotricyclo(5.2.1.0)decane derivatives as described in EP        0694521 B1.

Suitable water-soluble substances are

-   -   2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and alkali metal, alkaline        earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and        glucammonium salts thereof;    -   sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably        2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and salts        thereof;    -   sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor such as, for        example, 4-(2-oxo-3-bornylidenemethyl)-benzene sulfonic acid and        2-methyl-5-(2-oxo-3-bornylidene)-sulfonic acid and salts        thereof.

Typical UV-A filters are, in particular, derivatives of benzoyl methanesuch as, for example,1-(4′-tert.butylphenyl)-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione,4-tert.butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoyl methane (Parsol 1789),1-phenyl-3-(4′-isopropylphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione and the enaminecompounds described in DE 19712033 A1 (BASF). The UV-A and UV-B filtersmay of course also be used in the form of mixtures. Particularlyfavorable combinations consist of the derivatives of benzoyl methane,for example 4-tert.butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789) and2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester (Octocrylene) incombination with esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamicacid-2-ethylhexyl ester and/or 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl esterand/or 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester. Mixtures such as these areadvantageously combined with water-soluble filters such as, for example,2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and alkali metal, alkaline earthmetal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium saltsthereof.

Besides the soluble substances mentioned, insoluble UV protectionpigments, i.e. finely dispersed metal oxides or salts, may also be usedfor this purpose. Examples of suitable metal oxides are, in particular,zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and also oxides of iron, zirconium,silicon, manganese, aluminium and cerium and mixtures thereof. Silicates(talcum), barium sulfate and zinc stearate may be used as salts. Theoxides and salts are used in the form of the pigments for skin-care andskin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics. The particles shouldhave a mean diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nmand more preferably between 15 and 30 nm. They may be spherical in shapealthough ellipsoidal particles or other non-spherical particles may alsobe used. The pigments may also be surface-treated, i.e. hydrophilicizedor hydrophobicized. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, forexample Titandioxid T 805 (Degussa) and Eusolex® T2000 (Merck). Suitablehydrophobic coating materials are, above all, silicones and, amongthese, especially trialkoxyoctylsilanes or dimethicones. So-calledmicro- or nanopigments are preferably used in sun protection products.Micronized zinc oxide is preferably used. Other suitable UV filters canbe found in P. Finkel's review in SÖFW-Journal 122, 543 (1996) and inParfümerie und Kosmetik 3 (1999), pages 11 et seq.

Besides the two groups of primary sun protection factors mentionedabove, secondary sun protection factors of the antioxidant type may alsobe used. Secondary sun protection factors of the antioxidant typeinterrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is initiated when UVrays penetrate into the skin. Typical examples are amino acids (forexample glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophane) and derivativesthereof, imidazoles (for example urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof,peptides, such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine andderivatives thereof (for example anserine), carotinoids, carotenes (forexample α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and derivatives thereof,chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, liponic acid and derivativesthereof (for example dihydroliponic acid), aurothioglucose,propylthiouracil and other thiols (for example thioredoxine,glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and glycosyl, N-acetyl,methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl,γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof) and their salts,dilaurylthiodipropionate, distearylthiodipropionate, thiodipropionicacid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids,nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulfoximine compounds (forexample butionine sulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, butioninesulfones, penta-, hexa- and hepta-thionine sulfoximine) in very smallcompatible dosages (for example pmole to μmole/kg), also (metal)chelators (for example α-hydroxyfatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid,lactoferrine), α-hydroxy acids (for example citric acid, lactic acid,malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin,biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acidsand derivatives thereof (for example γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid,oleic acid), folic acid and derivatives thereof, ubiquinone andubiquinol and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives thereof(for example ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbylacetate), tocopherols and derivatives (for example vitamin E acetate),vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoateof benzoin resin, rutinic acid and derivatives thereof, α-glycosylrutin, ferulic acid, furfurylidene glucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butyl hydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiac resin acid,nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid andderivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof,Superoxid-Dismutase, zinc and derivatives thereof (for example ZnO,ZnSO₄), selenium and derivatives thereof (for example seleniummethionine), stilbenes and derivatives thereof (for example stilbeneoxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and derivatives of these active substancessuitable for the purposes of the invention (salts, esters, ethers,sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids).

Biogenic Agents

In the context of the invention, biogenic agents are, for example,tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid,deoxyribonucleic acid, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol,panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essentialoils, plant extracts and vitamin complexes.

Deodorants and Germ Inhibitors

Cosmetic deodorants counteract, mask or eliminate body odors. Body odorsare formed through the action of skin bacteria on apocrine perspirationwhich results in the formation of unpleasant-smelling degradationproducts. Accordingly, deodorants contain active principles which act asgerm inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, odor absorbers or odor maskers.Basically, suitable germ inhibitors are any substances which act againstgram-positive bacteria such as, for example, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid andsalts and esters thereof,N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-urea,2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenylether (triclosan),4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol,2,2′-methylene-bis-(6-bromo-4-chlorophenol),3-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-phenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol,3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-propane-1,2-diol, 3-iodo-2-propinyl butyl carbamate,chlorhexidine, 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (TTC), antibacterialperfumes, thymol, thyme oil, eugenol, clove oil, menthol, mint oil,farnesol, phenoxyethanol, glycerol monocaprate, glycerol monocaprylate,glycerol monolaurate (GML), diglycerol monocaprate (DMC), salicylicacid-N-alkylamides such as, for example, salicylic acid-n-octyl amide orsalicylic acid-n-decyl amide.

Suitable enzyme inhibitors are, for example, esterase inhibitors.Esterase inhibitors are preferably trialkyl citrates, such as trimethylcitrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and,in particular, triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf,FRG). Esterase inhibitors inhibit enzyme activity and thus reduce odorformation. Other esterase inhibitors are sterol sulfates or phosphatessuch as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasteroland sitosterol sulfate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids and estersthereof, for example glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethyl ester,glutaric acid diethyl ester, adipic acid, adipic acid monoethyl ester,adipic acid diethyl ester, malonic acid and malonic acid diethyl ester,hydroxycarboxylic acids and esters thereof, for example citric acid,malic acid, tartaric acid or tartaric acid diethyl ester, and zincglycinate.

Suitable odor absorbers are substances which are capable of absorbingand largely retaining the odor-forming compounds. They reduce thepartial pressure of the individual components and thus also reduce therate at which they spread. An important requirement in this regard isthat perfumes must remain unimpaired. Odor absorbers are not activeagainst bacteria. They contain, for example, a complex zinc salt ofricinoleic acid or special perfumes of largely neutral odor known to theexpert as “fixateurs” such as, for example, extracts of labdanum orstyrax or certain abietic acid derivatives as their principal component.Odor maskers are perfumes or perfume oils which, besides theirodor-masking function, impart their particular perfume note to thedeodorants. Suitable perfume oils are, for example, mixtures of naturaland synthetic fragrances. Natural perfumes include the extracts ofblossoms, stems and leaves, fruits, fruit peel, roots, woods, herbs andgrasses, needles and branches, resins and balsams. Animal raw materials,for example civet and beaver, may also be used. Typical syntheticperfume compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone,alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Examples of perfume compounds of the estertype are benzyl acetate, p-tert.butyl cyclohexylacetate, linalylacetate, phenyl ethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate.Ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether while aldehydes include,for example, the linear alkanals containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms,citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde,hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal. Examples of suitable ketonesare the ionones and methyl cedryl ketone. Suitable alcohols are anethol,citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethylalcohol and terpineol. The hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes andbalsams. However, it is preferred to use mixtures of different perfumecompounds which, together, produce an agreeable fragrance. Othersuitable perfume oils are essential oils of relatively low volatilitywhich are mostly used as aroma components. Examples are sage oil,camomile oil, clove oil, melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil,lime-blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetivert oil, olibanum oil,galbanum oil, ladanum oil and lavendin oil. The following are preferablyused either individually or in the form of mixtures: bergamot oil,dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol,α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamen aldehyde,linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice,citrus oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allylamyl glycolate, cyclovertal,lavendin oil, clary oil, β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexylsalicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldeingamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide,romillat, irotyl and floramat.

Antiperspirants reduce perspiration and thus counteract underarm wetnessand body odor by influencing the activity of the eccrine sweat glands.Aqueous or water-free antiperspirant formulations typically contain thefollowing ingredients:

-   -   astringent active principles,    -   oil components,    -   nonionic emulsifiers,    -   co-emulsifiers,    -   consistency factors,    -   auxiliaries in the form of, for example, thickeners or        complexing agents and/or    -   non-aqueous solvents such as, for example, ethanol, propylene        glycol and/or glycerol.

Suitable astringent active principles of antiperspirants are, above all,salts of aluminium, zirconium or zinc. Suitable antihydrotic agents ofthis type are, for example, aluminium chloride, aluminium chlorohydrate,aluminium dichlorohydrate, aluminium sesquichlorohydrate and complexcompounds thereof, for example with 1,2-propylene glycol, aluminiumhydroxyaliantoinate, aluminium chloride tartrate, aluminium zirconiumtrichlorohydrate, aluminium zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminiumzirconium pentachlorohydrate and complex compounds thereof, for examplewith amino acids, such as glycine. Oil-soluble and water-solubleauxiliaries typically encountered in antiperspirants may also be presentin relatively small amounts. Oil-soluble auxiliaries such as theseinclude, for example,

-   -   inflammation-inhibiting, skin-protecting or pleasant-smelling        essential oils,    -   synthetic skin-protecting agents and/or    -   oil-soluble perfume oils.

Typical water-soluble additives are, for example, preservatives,water-soluble perfumes, pH regulators, for example buffer mixtures,water-soluble thickeners, for example water-soluble natural or syntheticpolymers such as, for example, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose,polyvinyl pyrrolidone or high molecular weight polyethylene oxides.

Film Formers

Standard film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystallinechitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acidseries, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid andsalts thereof and similar compounds.

Antidandruff Agents

Suitable antidandruff agents are Pirocton Olamin(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2-(1H)-pyridinonemonoethanolamine salt), Baypival® (Climbazole), Ketoconazol®(4-acetyl-1-{4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)r-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxylan-c4-ylmethoxyphenyl}-piperazine,selenium disulfide, colloidal sulfur, sulfur polyethylene glycolsorbitan monooleate, sulfur ricinol polyethoxylate, sulfur tardistillate, salicylic acid (or in combination with hexachlorophene),undecylenic acid, monoethanolamide sulfosuccinate Na salt, Lamepon® UD(protein/undecylenic acid condensate), zinc pyrithione, aluminiumpyrithione and magnesium pyrithione/dipyrithione magnesium sulfate.

Swelling Agents

Suitable swelling agents for aqueous phases are montmorillonites, clayminerals, Pemulen and alkyl-modified Carbopol types (Goodrich). Othersuitable polymers and swelling agents can be found in R. Lochhead'sreview in Cosm. Toil. 108, 95 (1993).

Insect Repellents

Suitable insect repellents are N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, pentane-1,2-diolor Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate.

Self-tanning Agents and Depigmenting Agents

A suitable self-tanning agent is dihydroxyacetone. Suitable tyrosineinhibitors which prevent the formation of melanin and are used indepigmenting agents are, for example, arbutin, koji acid, coumaric acidand ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Hydrotropes

In addition, hydrotropes, for example ethanol, isopropyl alcohol orpolyols, may be used to improve flow behavior. Suitable polyolspreferably contain 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxylgroups. The polyols may contain other functional groups, more especiallyamino groups, or may be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are

-   -   glycerol;    -   alkylene glycols such as, for example, ethylene glycol,        diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene        glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight        of 100 to 1000 dalton;    -   technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of        self-condensation of 1.5 to 10 such as, for example, technical        diglycerol mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by        weight;    -   methylol compounds such as, in particular, trimethylol ethane,        trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, pentaerythritol and        dipentaerythritol;    -   lower alkyl glucosides, particularly those containing 1 to 8        carbon atoms in the alkyl group, for example methyl and butyl        glucoside;    -   sugar alcohols containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example        sorbitol or mannitol,    -   sugars containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example glucose or        sucrose;    -   amino sugars, for example glucamine;    -   dialcoholamines, such as diethanolamine or        2-aminopropane-1,3-diol.        Preservatives

Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehydesolution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid and the other classes ofcompounds listed in Appendix 6, Parts A and B of the Kosmetikverordnung(“Cosmetics Directive”).

Perfume Oils

Suitable perfume oils are mixtures of natural and synthetic perfumes.Natural perfumes include the extracts of blossoms (lily, lavender, rose,jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli,petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, caraway, juniper), fruit peel(bergamot, lemon, orange), roots (nutmeg, angelica, celery, cardamom,costus, iris, calmus), woods (pinewood, sandalwood, guaiac wood,cedarwood, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemon, grass, sage,thyme), needles and branches (spruce, fir, pine, dwarf pine), resins andbalsams (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax). Animalraw materials, for example civet and beaver, may also be used. Typicalsynthetic perfume compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde,ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Examples of perfume compounds ofthe ester type are benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate,p-tert.butyl cyclohexylacetate, linalyl acetate, dimethyl benzylcarbinyl acetate, phenyl ethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzylformate, ethylmethyl phenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate,styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. Ethers include, for example,benzyl ethyl ether while aldehydes include, for example, the linearalkanals containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal,citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal,lilial and bourgeonal. Examples of suitable ketones are the ionones,α-isomethylionone and methyl cedryl ketone. Suitable alcohols areanethol, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool,phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol. The hydrocarbons mainly include theterpenes and balsams. However, it is preferred to use mixtures ofdifferent perfume compounds which, together, produce an agreeableperfume. Other suitable perfume oils are essential oils of relativelylow volatility which are mostly used as aroma components. Examples aresage oil, camomile oil, clove oil, melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leafoil, lime-blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetivert oil, olibanum oil,galbanum oil, ladanum oil and lavendin oil. The following are preferablyused either individually or in the form of mixtures: bergamot oil,dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol,α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamen aldehyde,linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice,citrus oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allylamyl glycolate, cyclovertal,lavendin oil, clary oil, β-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexylsalicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldeingamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide,romillat, irotyl and floramat.

Dyes

Suitable dyes are any of the substances suitable and approved forcosmetic purposes as listed, for example, in the publication “Kosmtische Färbemittel” of the Farbstoffkommission der DeutschenForschungsgemeinschaft, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pages 81 to 106.These dyes are normally used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% byweight, based on the mixture as a whole.

The total percentage content of auxiliaries and additives may be from 0to 30% by weight and is preferably from 1 to 20% by weight and moreparticularly from 4 to 12% by weight, based on the final concentration.The preparations may be produced by standard hot or cold processes andare preferably produced by the phase inversion temperature method.

EXAMPLES

The solubility (solubilization) (+=thorough mixing; −=separation) of theoil component according to the invention (Examples 1 to 6; Table 1) andthe propellent butane is shown in the following Table against that ofthe comparison oil component (C1 to C3). In addition, the subjectiveskin feel was evaluated by a panel of 5 examiners (tt=very dry, t=dry).The results are set out in Tables 1 and 2.

TABLE 1 Miscibility of the aerosol preparations with dialkyl carbonates(quantities in % by weight) Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 C1 C2 C3 Cetiol CC 5025 43 15 8 20 — — — Di-n-octylcarbonate IPM/IPM-PH — — — — — — 50 20 —Isopropyl Myristate Cetiol OE — — — — — — — — 25 Di-n-octyl ether Butane50 72 55 85 50 75.9 50 75.9 72 Perfume — 3 — — — 1 — 1 3 Aluminiumchlorohy- — — 2 — — 3 — 3 — drate Chitosan — — — — — 0.1 — 0.1 —Solubilization + + + + + + + + — Skin feel tt tt tt tt tt tt t t t

TABLE 2 Spray preparations - compositions and properties (quantities in% by weight) Component 1 2 3 C1 C2 Cetiol ® CC 8 18 8 — —Di-n-octylcarbonate IPM/IPM-PH — — — 18 8 Isopropyl Myristate AluminiumChlorohydrate 3 — — — 3 Miglycol Gel B 4 4 — 4 4 Caprylic/CapricTriglyceride (and) Stearalkonium Hectorite (and) Propylene CarbonateCetiol OE 5 — — — 5 Dioctylether Cetiol B 6 — — — 6 Di-n-butyl adipateHydagen DCMF (sol. 4%) 0.3 — — — 0.3 Chitosan Profumo Massage 1 1 — 1 1Perfume Ethanol 2 — 8 — 2 Hydagen CAT 1.5 — — — 1.5 Triethyl citrateParsol MCX — 1 — 1 — Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate Parsol 1789 — 0.5 — 0.5— Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane Cyclomethicone — — 10 — — Propane/butane69.2 75.5 74 75.5 69.2 (1) Deodorant spray, (2) Sun protection spray,(3) Hair gloss spray

1. A cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparation comprising (a) acarbonate of the formula (I):

wherein R¹ is a linear alkyl and/or alkenyl group having from 6 to 22carbon atoms, a 2-ethylhexyl, isotridecyl or isostearyl group or a groupderived from a polyol having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least twohydroxyl groups; R² has the same meaning as R¹ or is an alkyl grouphaving from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and each of n and m independently has avalue of from 0 to 100; and (b) a propellant.
 2. The preparation ofclaim 1 wherein the carbonate comprises at least one of diisooctylcarbonate, dihexyl carbonate and di-n-octyl carbonate.
 3. Thepreparation of claim 2 wherein the dialkyl carbonate comprisesdi-n-octyl carbonate.
 4. The preparation of claim 1 wherein the amountof the carbonate is from 1 to 50% by weight.
 5. The preparation of claim1 wherein the propellant comprises at least one member selected from thegroup consisting of dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, achlorofluorocarbons, a nitrogen oxide, pentane, butane, propane andisomers of pentane, butane and propane.
 6. The preparation of claim 5wherein the amount of the propellant is from 3 to 95% by weight.
 7. Thepreparation of claim 1 further comprising at least one member selectedfrom the group consisting of polymers, silicone compounds, lecithin,phospholipids, biogenic agents, UV protection factors, antioxidantsdeodorants, antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, film formers, insectrepellents, self-tanning agents, tyrosine inhibitors, hydrotropes,solubilizers, preservatives, perfume oils, and dyes.
 8. The preparationof claim 1 wherein the mole ratio of component (a) to (b) is from 1:5 to1:1.
 9. A cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparation comprising (a) from1 to 50% by weight of a carbonate of the formula (I):

wherein R¹ is a linear alkyl and/or alkenyl group having from 6 to 22carbon atoms, a 2-ethylhexyl, isotridecyl or isostearyl group or a groupderived from a polyol having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at (east twohydroxyl groups; R² has the same meaning as R¹ or is an alkyl grouphaving from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and each of n and m independently has avalue of from 0 to 100; (b) from 3 to 95% by weight of a propellant; and(c) from 0 to 30% by weight of auxiliaries and additives and theremainder water.